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ADHD and EEG-neurofeedback: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled feasibility study.
Electroencephalography (EEG)-neurofeedback has been shown to offer therapeutic benefits to patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in several, mostly uncontrolled studies. This pilot study is designed to test the feasibility and safety of using a double-blind placebo feedback-controlled design and to explore the initial efficacy of individualized EEG-neurofeedback training in children with ADHD. Fourteen children (8-15 years) with ADHD defined according to the DSM-IV-TR criteria were randomly allocated to 30 sessions of EEG-neurofeedback (n = 8) or placebo feedback (n = 6). Safety measures (adverse events and sleep problems), ADHD symptoms and global improvement were monitored. With respect to feasibility, all children completed the study and attended all study visits and training sessions. No significant adverse effects or sleep problems were reported. Regarding the expectancy, 75% of children and their parent(s) in the active neurofeedback group and 50% of children and their parent(s) in the placebo feedback group thought they received placebo feedback training. Analyses revealed significant improvements of ADHD symptoms over time, but changes were similar for both groups. This pilot study shows that it is feasible to conduct a rigorous placebo-controlled trial to investigate the efficacy of neurofeedback training in children with ADHD. However, a double-blind design may not be feasible since using automatic adjusted reward thresholds may not work as effective as manually adjusted reward thresholds. Additionally, implementation of active learning strategies may be an important factor for the efficacy of EEG-neurofeedback training. Based on the results of this pilot study, changes are made in the design of the ongoing study.
J Neural Transm. 2011 Feb;118(2):275-84. Epub 2010 Dec 17. Lansbergen MM, van Dongen-Boomsma M, Buitelaar JK, Slaats-Willemse D. Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. mariekelansbergen@hotmail.com
When a person is diagnosed with cancer and should they decide to pursue traditional allopathic treatment, most certainly they will be faced with having to endure the ravages chemotherapy. As chemotherapy is intended to attack the cancerous cells, it is very logical that these chemicals will cause numerous problems for the healthy parts of the body. The result is nausea, hair loss, and a series of mental issues such as depression, anxiety, and a general feeling of helplessness.
Most cancer patients to go this route passively accept the ravages of chemotherapy. It is very rare that someone...
I vividly remember the time that I learned of my mortality. I was probably around four or five years old when I suddenly realized that I was not going to live forever. As I matured and grew older – and having survived a near fatal automobile accident – I decided that I wanted to focus on living rather than constantly working about my demise. Obviously, all of us are aware that life is going to end sometime. However, by choosing to live everyday to its fullest your life can become rich and rewarding.
If death is constantly on your mind, it is time to let these thoughts go....
What is smoking, why should I care, and how do I quit?
Smoking includes the inhalation of burning tobacco into your airways – to include your lungs. It is done as an addictive habit. Once a non-smoker gets past the initial awkwardness of the act of smoking, the social benefits and simultaneous calming and stimulus benefits lead to a frequent repetition. Unfortunately, this seemingly harmless act both stimulates the release of various pleasure-related chemicals in the brain and become a learned habit, which eventually becomes deeply ingrained in their brain.
The fact that the act...
